Mental Health Awareness | Paragraph Writing In English | Essay | Rajan NathINSTAGRAM @rajannath2blogger.com @rajannath22 ht Awareness and education could prevent prejudice that base people’s behaviours December • Vol. 9 No. 2 • 8 blogger.com • doi: /jogh Mental health disorders and stigmatisation in Sub-Saharan Africa on supernatural beliefs and instead enhance positive attitudes, as well as promote people’s health status Indent essay titles. Duke secondary essay what is respect essay for students to copy. Essay about third world geography awareness Essay health on what does a college admissions essay look like, persepolis essay ideas environment pollution essay writing, propositions in case study research. Essay comparing two poems awareness Essay health on
Research Paper Example: The Importance of Mental Health Awareness
edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. To browse Academia. edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to upgrade your browser. Log in with Facebook Log in with Google, essay on health awareness. Remember me on this computer. Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. Need an account? Click here to sign up. Download Free PDF. Awareness challenges of mental health disorder and dementia facing stigmatisation and discrimination: a systematic literature review from Sub-Sahara Africa Journal of Global Health. Elke Kraus. Download Download PDF Full PDF Package Download Full PDF Package This Paper.
A short summary of this paper. Download Download PDF. Download Full PDF Package. Translate PDF. Therefore, this review aims to map and sum- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, marise the extent to which awareness of MHD and dementia in SSA challenges and Berlin Institute of Health, stigmatisation issues. A content analysis of selected studies was performed. Find- Science Bremen — Institute ings on awareness essay on health awareness and stigmatisation were identified and categorised. for Public Health and Nursing Research IPPBremen, Results A total of publications were screened, 25 were selected for this re- Germany view. These perceptions promote stigmatising attitudes towards Applied Sciences Berlin, Berlin, people with MHD and dementia.
The education level correlated with stigmatising Germany attitudes, whereby higher educated people were less likely to distance themselves socially from people with MHD and from people living with dementia PwD. Astonishingly, even people educated in health issues eg, nurses, essay on health awareness, medical practi- tioners tended to have strong beliefs in supernatural causations of diseases, like witchcraft, and hold negative attitudes towards MHD and PwD. Conclusions This review provides some evidence on the influence of traditional beliefs on MHDs in SSA.
Those beliefs are powerful and exist in all segments in SSA-communities, promoting superstitious perceptions on diseases and stigma- tisation. Awareness and education campaigns on MHD are absolutely mandatory to reduce stigmatisation. About 1 Correspondence to: in 10 persons live with MHD PwMHDwhilst the provision of mental health care is lacking [2]. In many LAMIC, particular in Africa, essay on health awareness, policies and legislation rarely exist to es- Essay on health awareness tablish essential mental health services [3,4], essay on health awareness. Data from Africa show highest scores in s. spittel gmail. com illiteracy and lowest scores in expenditure on mental health, mental health resources, www, essay on health awareness.
and lowest disability-adjusted life years by neuropsychiatric conditions [3]. Besides, SSA counts a high prevalence of infectious diseases, which impacts the prevalence of probable common MHD eg, HIV-re- lated dementia []. Moreover, the number of people living with dementia PwD is increasing — especially in LAMIC as numbers rise more prominently compared to the developed world [10,11]. However, most of these conditions are insufficiently PAPERS essay on health awareness and remain untreated [13,14]. Furthermore, PwMHD often experience stigmatisation; even their families, essay on health awareness, and friends as well as health care providers experience the impact of public stigma [15]. Perceiving stigma is strongly associated with MHD and occurs more frequently in developing countries [16].
Worldwide, people from various cultures hold different traditional beliefs, which can be powerful in healing people on the one hand, but on the other hand, strong beliefs can also affect attitudes towards PwMHD, even amongst people that have received medical education [17]. Supernatural attitudes to an illness exist especially in societies where traditions dominate society [18]. In most SSA-cultures, people strongly believe in supernatural powers [19,20]. Objective This review aims to identify awareness and knowledge as well as attitudes eg, beliefs, feelings, and be- haviours around MHD and dementia in SSA that reveal stigmatisation. Hypothetically, it is assumed that supernatural traditional beliefs challenge perceptions and concepts on MHD and dementia and result in stigmatisation of people living with such diseases essay on health awareness SSA.
METHODS Data sources and search strategy A systematic literature review was conducted using online databases in accordance with the PRISMA state- ment [22]. Different search strategies were performed systematically to identify published studies report- ing on awareness and knowledge around MHD and dementia in SSA that reveals stigmatisation. The fol- lowing electronic databases were used: PubMed® including MEDLINE®, CINAHL and PsycINFO®. Within the databases, key words were searched in combination. Title and abstract of articles were screened for relevance based on inclusion criteria. Additionally, articles, books, chapters, reports, non-empirical studies, and commentaries essay on health awareness used for a more in-depth understanding.
Study selection For review inclusion, studies based on following criteria were selected. Studies published in English or German e were included. There was no time limitation for inclusion. Outcomes of interest Primary outcome of interest was an influencing factor on the awareness essay on health awareness concepts on MHD and de- mentia. Traditional beliefs in Sub-Sahara Africa such as witchcraft were considered as influencing factors. Additionally, essay on health awareness, stigmatisation issues concerning MHD and dementia and its grounding in supernatural be- liefs were of interest.
In a second step data were extracted reporting on concepts on MHD and dementia, attitudes towards, and stigmatisation of people living with MHD and dementia. Full texts of selected studies were checked for representation of sampling, essay on health awareness, quality of methods applied, and reporting strategy. PAPERS RESULTS Systematic review In total potentially relevant publications were identified via systematic search in the electronic da- tabases: PubMed referencesPsycINFO 8 referencesCINAHL 40 essay on health awareness. After removing duplications, papers were screened based on title and abstract. In the final selection, 25 articles met all relevant inclusion criteria and were in- volved Figure 1.
Two studies combined quantitative and qualitative methods. Main results were categorised according to the following themes: I concepts, and knowledge on MHD and dementia, II perceptions on witchcraft, III attitudes to- wards PwMHD and PwD, and VI stigma- tisation of PwMHD and PwD. Characteris- tics of the reviewed studies are summarised in Table 1. Concepts and knowledge on MHD and dementia The review reveals that people in SSA hold different explanations on the causation of MHD and dementia. Explanations derive from biological, psychological, and spiri- tual concepts, or other explanations, clas- sified and summarised in Table 2. In terms of MHD, HCP are more likely to use biological explanations compared to GCM [19,24].
Also, PwD themselves or their relatives and caregivers, mostly tend- ed to lack knowledge of dementia [31,40], essay on health awareness. Psychosocial explanations are considered to be more prominent causes. MHD — mental health disorders, SSA — Sub-Saharan Africa. Table 1. Characteristics of included studies No. Author, year Country Method Participants, sample size Aim 1 Adebiyi et al. org 23 Patel et al. Those supernatural explanations are predominantly considered to cause MHD and dementia occurring in all segments of communities, including PwMHD itself and HCPs [34]. Especially people lacking knowledge of the disease aetiology, witchcraft was identified as the cause [20,41].
The behaviour of PwD is essay on health awareness as strange, abnormal, and dangerous which makes people think about witchcraft [30,38]. Likewise, informal caregivers from South Africa, who do not understand the illness of their relatives, believed their disease was caused by the environment or witchcraft [20]. Those spiritual beliefs, seen as causing diseases, are also associated with negative attitudes towards PwMHD and higher stigmatisation. They can prevent people from seeking professional help, essay on health awareness, can impact concepts of caregiving, and lead to marginalisation of PwMHD [20,25,27,30,34,43].
Attitudes towards PwMHD and PwD Negative attitudes and stigmatisation against PwMHD are found to be widespread in these countries: Ni- geria [23], Ghana [28,41], Republic of Congo [31], Tanzania [40], South Sudan [27], Uganda [43,44], Ethio- pia [33], essay on health awareness, Zambia [6], Zimbabwe [42], and South Africa [38]. Negative attitudes are held by different groups in society — most evident among GCM, but also within families, among HCP and health care users, as well as within the government level or among policy makers [6,23,24,30,33,35,37,41,43]. Also, even if people were friends with PwMHD, they hold negative attitudes towards them, which was found in South Africa and Zambia [6,30]. The finding that negative attitude towards PwMHD are not limited to adults was established in a Nigerian schoolchildren survey [29].
Generally, PwMHD or PwD are perceived to be dangerous or aggressive, to be a burden to society as well as a public nuisance. Among both GCM and HCP, perceived dangerousness or aggressiveness are two of the main prejudiced perceptions held towards PwMHD, as the majority of reviewed studies indicate Table 3. Such negative perceptions can arise from fear, focusing on the hardship of caregiving or lacking interest, motivation, and knowledge around MHD [19,20,44]. A South African study disclosed that GCM and www. Table 3. family members are afraid of the PwD and that even nurses hold such attitudes until they started work- ing with them [38].
This not only leads to misinterpretation of behaviours shown by PwMHD or PwD but also often relates to higher levels of stigmatising attitudes [6,25,27,37,43]. Stigmatising attitudes can also concern the family of or people caring for PwMHD, professional health care providers, or whole mental health institutions [6,20,25,30,36,44]. The education level correlates with stigmatising attitudes, whilst people with higher education tend to keep less social distance to- wards PwMHD, or their relatives [26,28,33]. People with less knowledge show higher social distance [6,20,27,29,35,36,39,44,46]. Those attitudes and perceptions, especially being afraid of having conver- sations with PwMHD or believing that the presence of PwMHD might pose a risk to unaffected people, is observed to strengthen social isolation [25,28,29].
Stigmatisation of PwMHD and PwD In particular, social distance and exclusion of the PwMHD from the community eg, keeping the ill per- son behind locked doors is mainly addressed by the reviewed studies [6,20,27,28,30,32,33,36,], essay on health awareness. Both GCM and HCP would feel disturbed about sharing a room or their house with PwMHD or living next door to someone who is mentally ill, or even having PwMHD living in residential neighbourhoods Table 4. A Zimbabwean study revealed that PwD are locked away as long as family members are re- Table 4, essay on health awareness. Even within families, relatives exclude their essay on health awareness fami- ly members, for example, as these have to eat separately or are forced to live on the street [43], essay on health awareness.
It is fre- essay on health awareness found that PwMHD are unable essay on health awareness lead normal lives because of social isolation [30,42]. Zambian stakeholders disclosed that PwMHD live in misery and loneliness without hope while community mem- bers bully and throw stones at them [6].
Why students should have mental health days - Hailey Hardcastle
, time: 7:25Short essay on health awareness
Indent essay titles. Duke secondary essay what is respect essay for students to copy. Essay about third world geography awareness Essay health on what does a college admissions essay look like, persepolis essay ideas environment pollution essay writing, propositions in case study research. Essay comparing two poems awareness Essay health on Essay on science for peace and development what should scholarship essays look like, workplace stress essay: supreme court case study 6 answers key columbine response essay, photo essay with text the world is too much with us analysis essay health on Short awareness essay expository essay body paragraphs. Research papers on animal rights do i Jan 22, · Raising mental health awareness has become an absolute necessity now considering that over 1 billion people are affected by it. What people don’t understand is that mental health issues can literally break a human from the inside, make them feel worthless, and shatter their happiness to the core
No comments:
Post a Comment